high-frequency, short-duration winter
are also used for control
of M.
(Goldsby, Bates, and Stanley 1978).
Water level manipulation was one of the
of plant control
in Louisiana, principally because herbicides were too costly, and harvesting
tended to spread the infestation
Lantz et al. (1964) and
Lantz (1974) have described the use of
for plant control in several
A mid-summer to mid-October
at Anacoco Reser-
Louisiana reservoirs.
voir opened it to recreation by eliminating water shield
and by controlling parrot feather
and water lily
(Nuphar odorata). However,
(muskgrass) increased. An infesta-
tion of pondweed (Potamogeton sp.) and naiads
was
reduced from 285 to 16 ha by a winter
at Bussey Reservoir.
The winter
of Lake Ocklawaha
Reservoir) in central
Florida was probably a failure.
Some nuisance plants were controlled, such as
and Brazilian elodea
but
crassipes), and
waterhyacinth
hydrilla
alligatorweed
were not.
and Carter
(1975) attribute at least some of this response to a mild winter.
Beard (1973) described the successful use of a winter
of Murphy
The pondweeds Potamogeton robbinsii and P.
Wisconsin.
coontail, and milfoil were controlled, and 80 percent of the reservoir was
opened to fishing.
However, Geiger (1983) found that the mild, wet winter of the Pacific
Northwest (Oregon) was inappropriate for using
to control milfoil,
and a herbicide application was finally required to produce the desired
control.
Effectiveness, Costs, and Feasibility
Alligatorweed and hydrilla are serious nuisances in some southern reser-
voirs, and
apparently does not control them (Table LO), while
foil, coontail, Brazilian elodea, and southern naiad are controlled.
The
prospective user of this procedure should be aware that responses to
are species-specific and that successful control of some species may mean that
resistant ones wil 1 proliferate.
This pro
may be solved by the use of
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