Table 18 (Concluded)
Diquat Endothall 2,4-D Glyphosate Fluridone
Plant
Submersed species (Continued)
NO
P. illinoiensis
YES
(Illinois pondweed)
Floating species
NO
YES
Brasenia schreberi
NO
NO
(watershield)
YES
Eichhomiae crassipes
YES
NO
(waterhyacinth)
YES
NO
YES
minor (duckweed)
NO
YES
NO
?
YES
Ne lwnbo
YES
NO
(American lotus)
NO
?
YES
spp. (cowlily)
YES
3
NO
?
YES
YES
spp.
(waterlily)
in spring-summer are also effective.
Fluridone acts slowly, and 30 to 90 days
may be required to establish plant control under optimum conditions.
Fluridone appears to have a very low toxicity to fish and invertebrates
and does not accumulate in animal tissues.
Because it is slow acting, dra-
matic changes in
variables, such as dissolved oxygen, are
unlikely.
Fluridone cannot be applied within 0.25 mile (0.4 km) of a potable
water intake.
There is no waiting period following application.
Glyphosate
registered under the trade name RODEO, is used for treatment
Glyphosate,
of emergent vegetation.
It is ineffective against submersed plants.
Table 18
lists some of the plants known to be controlled.
Glyphosate is formulated as
a liquid combined with a surfactant, and appears to affect amino acid metabo-
lism in treated plants.
Glyphosate is new, and limited data are available in
the scientific literature regarding toxicity, bioaccumulation, and persis-
tence.
Studies performed by Monsanto Company (1985) indicate that RODEO
degrades, does not bioaccumulate, and has very low invertebrate and mammalian
toxicity.
A study by
Gordon, and Martens (1967) concludes that
glyphosate antagonizes the toxicity of its surfactant
818 and that the
surfactant is more toxic than the herbicide.
Glyphosate cannot be applied
170
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