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 Percent Incident Light
1.0
5.0
10.0
50.0
100
.
0
720 nm
10
m
620 n
20
30
40
50
60
Figure 1.2.6. Wavelength dependence of extinction coefficient and the
effect of penetration of light in water
stable. The degree of stability, in turn, depends upon the strength of the density gradient or the size of
the density difference throughout the water column. Stronger stratification will
accompany greater stability. If weather conditions cause surface cooling, however, then denser waters
at the surface will tend to be displaced by more buoyant waters from greater depths. This condition of
thermal or density instability often accompanies convective mixing of the waters if winds are not
present. Note here that water movement is also affected by its viscosity and viscosity, in turn, is
influenced by temperature as well (Figure 1.2.7).
1.2-14
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