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 Techniques for sampling the biological community are often specific for the biota of interest.
For example, hydroacoustic techniques, electroshocking, and poisoning are useful for studies of fish
communities while deployment of divers with quadrants is more applicable to studies of benthic
communities such as mussel beds. Studies of invertebrates, such as aquatic insects, often requires
several techniques utilizing substrate sampling, a variety of nets and collectors, and deployment of
artificial substrates. Certainly, clearly stated objectives in assessing tailwater habitats are essential.
Some techniques for evaluating aquatic habitats in rivers (applicable to tailwaters) and associated data
analysis and interpretation can be found in Sanders (1991). Some considerations for fisheries in
reservoir releases are presented in Nestler et al. (1986).
2.4.4 REFERENCES
Gilbert, R. O. 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York, NY.
Green, R. H. 1979. Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists, John
Wiley and Sons, New York.
Lemons, J. W., Vorwerk, M.C., Carroll, J. H ., and Jabour, W. E. 1998. "Remote Monitoring of
Hydroprojects: Design, Installation, and Verification of Remote Monitoring Systems," Water Quality
Technical Note AM-02, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Montgomery, D. C. 1997. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Fourth Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
Nestler, J. M., Novotny, J. F., Jacobs, K. E., and Swink, W. D. 1986. "Handbook on Reservoir
Releases for Fisheries and Environmental Quality," Instruction Report E-86-3, U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Sanders, L. G. 1991. "Techniques for Evaluating Aquatic Habitats in Rivers, Streams, and Reservoirs;
Proceedings of a Workshop," Miscellaneous Paper W-91-2, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Vorwerk, M. C., Jabour, W. E., and Carroll, J. H. 1996a. "Evaluation Methods for In Situ
Monitoring of Releases from Hydropower Projects," Water Quality Technote AM-01, U.S. Army
Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Vorwerk, M. C., Carroll, J., and Lemons, J. 1996b. "Statistical Verification of Mean Fixed Water
Quality Monitor Sites in Flowing Waters," Water Quality Technical Note AM-03, U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
2.4-5
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